Data for Norwegian property prices is sourced from Statistics Norway (SSB), table 07221: Price index for used dwellings. We use annual averages to ensure stable comparisons over time.
Historical prices for precious metals are sourced from the World Bank Commodity Price Data (The Pink Sheet). Prices are based on global market fixings in USD.
All currency conversions (USD, EUR, NOK) are based on historical average exchange rates provided by Norges Bank.
Real returns in NOK are adjusted using Statistics Norway's consumer price index (table 14709). Real returns in USD are adjusted using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL, July 11, 2026.
Note: While we strive for the highest accuracy, data is presented as-is and should be independently verified before making financial decisions.